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Talking about the Basic Knowledge of Electrical Connector Heating

Release time:

2023-03-01 14:53

 

For electrical connectors, especially high rated current electrical connectors, the difficulty of product design is temperature rise. On this basis, suggestions for improving the temperature rise of electrical connectors are put forward from the aspects of terminal structure, contact impedance, plastic structure and test specifications, which provide some reference for future product designers.

In recent years, with the rapid development of electronic equipment, the connector industry has developed rapidly in China, making fast charging popular. Among them, the high current electrical connector plays a very important role. As a signal transmission bridge, it is widely used in mobile consumer electronics and industrial servers.

However, how to meet the plug-in service life and current continuity of the product, and make the temperature rise of the product close to the temperature rise of the transmission line, is the difficulty of the design of the high-current connector. High current connectors require large overload currents and strict temperature rise limits, generally not exceeding 30°C. This article will start from the hazards of temperature rise and the basic knowledge of temperature rise, and give three representative aspects of temperature rise improvement in product design: terminal structure design, contact impedance design, and experimental test specifications.

Basic knowledge of temperature rise.

Danger of excessive temperature.

In the design of the electrical connector, the rated current of the product must be met, which is based on the thermal design of the product during operation, and the electrical connector must meet the rated current. When the electrical connector products are plugged into each other and pass current, due to the body resistance and contact resistance of the terminals, heat will be generated between the plugged products, and the heat will continue to accumulate. When the temperature of the electrical connector product is too high, the stress of the terminal will relax, the contact stability will decrease, and the contact force will decrease, resulting in an increase in contact resistance, a weakening of the electrical signal, and finally a short circuit. The high temperature of the product will also cause accelerated corrosion of the terminal surface and shorten the life cycle. If the high temperature is severe, it may even cause fire and explosion, endangering the user's property and personal safety.

The heat transfer method.

There are three basic modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Heat conduction is the direct contact between objects in the same medium or different media. Due to the heat transfer phenomenon caused by temperature difference, many product tests use heat conduction characteristics to reduce temperature rise. Convection refers to the process of heat exchange between a flowing fluid and a solid surface in contact due to temperature differences.

Among them, convective heat transfer is divided into natural convection and forced convection. Natural convection is the flow caused by the density difference between cold and hot fluids, while forced convection is the flow caused by external forces, which is caused by the pressure difference. In the product temperature rise test, the forced convection in the convection characteristic can reduce the temperature rise by increasing the wind speed of forced air cooling. The process by which an object transfers energy in the form of electromagnetic waves is called thermal radiation. The heat radiation between objects is mutual. If there is a temperature difference, radiative heat exchange occurs between the objects.

 

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